Common shield fern
Polystichum richardii
Family: Dryopteridaceae
What it is like
A small tufted fern. The stems are black and scaly. The fronds are tough and dark green. They are divided once or twice. They are very shiny. They often have clusters of spores.
There are about 200 Polystichum species.
Where it is found
A temperate plant. It is hardy. It grows in dry bush and open country in New Zealand.
Countries/locations it is found in
Australia, New Zealand (country/location of origin)
How it is used for food
The young curled fern buds are eaten. They are cooked.
Edible parts
Fronds, leaves
How it is grown
Its other names
Local names
Black Shield fern, Pikopiko, Richard's fern, Tarawera fern, Tutoke