Southern Shagbark, Southern shagbark hickory
Carya carolinae-septentrionalis
Family: Juglandaceae
What it is like
Carya carolinae-septentrionalis is a deciduous Tree growing to 20 m (65ft 7in) at a slow rate.It is in leaf from June to October, in flower from April to May. The species is monoecious (individual flowers are either male or female, but both sexes can be found on the same plant) and is pollinated by Wind. The plant is self-fertile. Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils and can grow in heavy clay soil. Suitable pH: mildly acid, neutral and basic (mildly alkaline) soils. It cannot grow in the shade. It prefers moist soil.
Height (m): 20
Where it is found
Dry limestone hills, river bottoms and low flat often inundated woods, especially in clay soils. Wet bottomlands, rocky hillsides, and limestone outcrops at elevations of 150 - 200 metres.
South-eastern N. America - Delaware to Georgia and Tennessee.
Conservation Status:
Countries/locations it is found in
How it is used
Food
Rating: 2
Seed - raw or cooked. Large and sweet. Up to 25mm long. The seed ripens in late autumn and, when stored in its shell in a cool place, will keep for at least 6 months.
Seed: includes nuts, cereals, peas and beans.
Medicine
Rating: 0
Other
Rating:
Wood - hard, strong, very tough. Used for tool handles and also makes a very good fuel, giving off a great heat.
Fuel: Usually wood, plant materials that have been mentioned as being a good fuel.
Wood: A list of the trees and shrubs that are noted for having useful wood.
How it is grown
Prefers a deep moisture-retentive loam in a sunny sheltered position, requiring a good summer for best development. Slow growing. Plants are strongly tap-rooted and should be planted in their permanent positions as soon as possible. Sowing in situ would be the best method so long as the seed could be protected from mice. Trees are late coming into leaf (usually late May to June) and lose their leaves early in the autumn (usually in October). During this time they cast a heavy shade. These factors combine to make the trees eminently suitable for a mixed woodland planting with shrubs and other trees beneath them. Plants in this genus are notably resistant to honey fungus. Most species in this genus have quite a wide range of distribution and, in order to find trees more suited to this country, seed from the most appropriate provenances should be sought. Most trees growing in Britain at present tend to only produce good seed after hot summers. This species may not be distinct from C. ovata. Trees are self-fertile but larger crops of better quality seeds are produced if cross-pollination takes place.
Propagating it: Seed - requires a period of cold stratification. It is best sown in a cold frame as soon as it is ripe. Stored seed should be kept moist (but not wet) prior to sowing and should be sown in a cold frame as soon as possible. Where possible, sow 1 or 2 seeds only in each deep pot and thin to the best seedling. If you need to transplant the seedlings, then do this as soon as they are large enough to handle, once more using deep pots to accommodate the tap root. Put the plants into their permanent positions as soon as possible, preferably in their first summer, and give them some protection from the cold for at least the first winter. Seed can also be sown in situ so long as protection is given from mice etc and the seed is given some protection from cold (a plastic bottle with the top and bottom removed and a wire mesh top fitted to keep the mice out is ideal)
Best place to grow: Woodland Garden Canopy;
Habit: Tree
Hardiness: 0-0
Growth: Slow
Soil: Light (sandy), medium, heavy (clay)
Shade: No shade
Moisture: Moist