Purple Mombin Red Mombin, Spanish Plum, Ciruela
Spondias purpurea
Family: Anacardiaceae
What it is like
Purple Mombin, Spondias purpurea, is a deciduous tree commonly found in western part of South America. It has a spreading crown and it reaches a height of up to 25 m upon maturity. Its bole can be 30 - 80 cm in diameter. The leaves are pinnate with 7 to 23 leaflets each leaf. The flowers are small, reddish-purple, and produced in large panicles. The fruits are yellow or purplish-red and are oval drupe. Ripe fruits can be consumed raw or cooked with sugar to make desserts. Unripe fruits, on the other hand, can be pickled or made into a tart green sauce. Young shoots and leaves are often eaten raw but can also be cooked. The seeds are edible as well. Medicinally, the leaves have antibacterial properties. It can be made into juice and used as treatment of swollen glands and trauma. It can also be crushed and used as poultice for headaches. The fruits are laxative and used for constipation. Other plant parts are used for dysentery, diarrhea, and sore throat. Wood ashes are used in soap making. The wood is soft, light in weight, and not durable but can be used for paper pulp production.
Spondias purpurea is a deciduous Tree growing to 10 m (32ft) by 10 m (32ft) at a fast rate. See above for USDA hardiness. It is hardy to UK zone 10. Suitable for: medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils, prefers well-drained soil and can grow in heavy clay soil. Suitable pH: mildly acid, neutral and basic (mildly alkaline) soils and can grow in very acid soils. It cannot grow in the shade. It prefers dry or moist soil.
Height (m): 10
Where it is found
Abundant in thickets or open forest, often in second growth, common in fencerows, pastures, and many other situations, ascending from sea level to elevations of about 1,700 metres.
Western S. America north to the Caribbean and through Central America to Mexico.
Conservation Status: This taxon has not yet been assessed
Countries/locations it is found in
Mexico; Guatemala; Belize; El Salvador; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia; Bolivia, Plurinational State of; Peru; Guyana; French Guiana, Africa, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Asia, Australia, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Central America*, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guiana, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles, Martinique, Mexico*, Nicaragua, North America, Pacific, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, SE Asia, Sierra Leone, South America, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and Grenadines, USA, Venezuela, West Africa, West Indies.
How it is used
Food
Rating: 4
Fruit - raw or cooked. Spicy and subacid, the juicy yellow pulp is said to have a flavour resembling a plum. It is eaten raw or cooked with sugar. Usually eaten ripe and raw, though children, and even some adults, eat the sour, green fruits. It is also used for making jams, ice cream etc. Unripe fruits are pickled or made into a tart green sauce. The yellow or purplish-red cylindrical fruits are 25 - 30mm long. The young shoots and leaves often are conspicuously coloured with red and purple. They have a rather agreeable acid flavour, and often are eaten raw by children or adults. They can also be cooked. The leaves contain 5.5% protein. Edible seeds.
Seed: includes nuts, cereals, peas and beans.
Gum: can be chewed as a chewing gum or can often be used as a sweetener or thickening agent in foods.
Medicine
Rating: 2
The leaves exhibit anti-bacterial properties. The leaf juice is taken orally in the treatment of swollen glands and trauma. The crushed leaves are applied as a poultice to treat headaches. In large amounts the fruit is laxative and is used as a treatment for constipation The plant is also used to treat dysentery and diarrhoea, whilst parts of the plant are used in the preparation of a herbal remedy for sore throat.
Antibacterial: Kills bacteria.
Antidiarrhoeal: Provides symptomatic relief for diarrhoea. Also see Astringent.
Dysentery: Used in treating dysentery - an infection of the intestines that causes diarrhoea containing blood or mucus.
Laxative: Stimulates bowel movements in a fairly gentle manner.
Poultice: A moist, usually warm or hot, mass of plant material applied to the skin in the treatment of burns etc.
Other
Rating: 2
Agroforestry Uses: They often are planted for living fence posts, being one of the best of all trees for the purpose in the tierra caliente. Even quite large limbs when cut and set in the ground take root quickly, and often are set thickly to form immediate barriers. Other Uses In some regions the ashes of the wood are used in soap-making. Some cosmetic and hygienic products eg soap are manufactured from parts of this tree. The seeds have a thick gum coating commonly used in chilli stews. This gum has good solubility in water and on hydrolysis yields polysaccharides. Aspartic acid and valine are its major amino acid constituents. The whitish wood is soft, light in weight and brittle. It is said to have been used in Brazil for paper pulp. The easily cut and brittle branches are potential fuel wood.
Cosmetic: Used to improve the physical appearence of a person.
Fencing: Plants that can be used for fencing.
Fuel: Usually wood, plant materials that have been mentioned as being a good fuel.
Gum: Gums have a wide range of uses, especially as stabilizers, emulsifiers, thickening agents, adhesives etc.
Paper: Related to the entry for Fibre, these plants have been specifically mentioned for paper making.
Soap making: Plants used as an ingredient in making soaps. Does not include the essential oils, dyes and oils that are also used in making soap.
Wood: A list of the trees and shrubs that are noted for having useful wood.
Food Forest: Plants for Edible Forest Gardens and Food Forests.
How it is grown
The plant grows best in the subhumid and frost-free tropics at an elevation up to 2,000 metres. It grows best in areas where annual daytime temperatures are within the range 22 - 28°c, but can tolerate 13 - 35°c. The plant is not frost tolerant. It prefers a mean annual rainfall in the range 800 - 1,100mm, but tolerates 600 - 1,800mm. For good fruit set it requires growing conditions with a marked dry season of up to 6 months. Requires a sunny position. Plants are not too fussy over soil, so long as it is well-drained. It does not need very fertile conditions, however very poor soil, or shallow land, is unsuitable. Prefers a pH in the range 6 - 7, tolerating 5.5 - 8. Seedling plants can start producing fruit when about 4 - 5 years old, whilst cuttings can commence when 2 - 3 years old. Fruits can be obtained in Guatemala at almost any season of the year. Several named forms have been developed in Guatemala. Flowering Time: Late Winter/Early Spring Mid Spring Late Spring/Early Summer. Bloom Color: White/Near White Cream/Tan.
Propagating it: Seed - Fairly easy to grow from quite large cuttings.
Best place to grow:
Habit: Tree
Hardiness: 10-12
Growth: Fast
Soil: Medium, heavy (clay)
Shade: No shade
Moisture: Dry, moist
Things to keep in mind
The seed is toxic.
Its other names
Local names
Ateyaxocotl, Caja, Ciriguela, Ciruela, Ciruelo, Hog-plum, Jamaican plum, Jocote, Red mombin, Spanish-plum, Walak, jocote, purple mombin, red mombin, siriguela, sirínguela.